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1.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(5): 582-589, sep.-oct. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390321

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia sobre la relación entre la contaminación del aire y un riesgo mayor de morbimortalidad por Covid-19. Material y métodos: Se utilizó una adaptación de la metodología de revisiones rápidas de Cochrane. La búsqueda se realizó en PubMed y MedRxiv y se limitó hasta el 28 y 26 de abril, respectivamente. Los títulos y resúmenes fueron revisados por cinco investigadores que, a su vez, revisaron los textos completos de la selección final. Resultados: Se encontraron 450 manuscritos, 15 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La evidencia encontrada reporta que la incidencia y el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad por Covid-19 se incrementan con la exposición crónica y aguda a la contaminación del aire, particularmente a material particulado (PM2.5, PM10) y dióxido de nitrógeno. Conclusiones: Se requieren más estudios especialmente en ciudades latinoamericanas. Es necesario fortalecer las recomendaciones en las ciudades con mayores niveles de contaminantes y reducir sus emisiones.


Abstract Objective: To analyze the evidence on the relationship between air pollution and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from Covid-19. Materials and methods: An adaptation of the Cochrane rapid review methodology was used. The search was performed in PubMed and MedRxiv and was limited until April 28 and 26, respectively. The titles and abstracts were reviewed by five researchers who, in turn, reviewed the full texts of the final selection. Results: 450 manuscripts were found, 15 met the inclusion criteria. The evidence reports that the incidence and risk of morbidity and mortality from Covid-19 increase with chronic and acute exposure to air pollution, particularly to particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nitrogen dioxide. Conclusions: More studies are required especially in Latin American cities. It is necessary to strengthen the recommendations in cities with higher levels of pollutants and to reduce their emissions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Air Pollution/adverse effects , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Pneumonia, Viral/etiology , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Respiratory System/virology , Environmental Monitoring , Urban Health , Incidence , Cities , Coronavirus Infections/etiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/etiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/mortality , Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Disease Susceptibility , Environmental Exposure , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Latin America/epidemiology , Meteorological Concepts
2.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 14(2): 95-99, jul. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015014

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is complex and requires high clinical suspicion. The findings in the diagnostic images are nonspecific and can be seen in other conditions of the airway. In this review, we will describe the findings of PCD in chest radiography and computed tomography, with emphasis on some of the characteristics that differentiate it from cystic fibrosis and we will review the role of CT in the monitoring of changes of the PCD, since the CT findings correlate very well with the structural changes that occur in the course of PCD, especially bronchiectasis. However, using serial CTs should be decided on a case-by-case basis to avoid unnecessary radiation because they are pediatric patients.


El diagnóstico de la Discinesia ciliar primaria (DCP) es complejo y requiere alta sospecha clínica. Los hallazgos en la imágenes diagnósticas son inespecíficos y se pueden ver en otras afecciones de la vía aérea. En esta revisión describiremos los hallazgos de la DCP en Radiología simple y en Tomografía computada (TC), con énfasis en algunas de las características que permiten diferenciarla de la Fibrosis quística (FQ) y revisaremos el rol de la TC en la monitorización de la DCP ya que los hallazgos en la TC se correlacionan muy bien con los cambios estructurales que ocurren en el curso de la DCP, en especial las bronquiectasias. Sin embargo usar TC seriadas se debe decidir caso por caso para evitar la radiación innecesaria por ser pacientes pediátricos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Respiratory System/metabolism , Kartagener Syndrome/physiopathology , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Respiratory System/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Kartagener Syndrome/metabolism , Kartagener Syndrome/microbiology , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology
3.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 85(1): 43-49, Jan.-Feb. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984052

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Although the nose and lungs are separate organs, numerous studies have reported that the entire respiratory system can be considered as a single anatomical and functional unit. The upper and lower airways affect each other either directly or through reflex mechanisms. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the radiofrequency ablation of persistent inferior turbinate hypertrophy on nasal and pulmonary function. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with bilateral persistent inferior turbinate hypertrophy without septal deviation were included in this study. All of the patients were evaluated using anterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy, acoustic rhinometry, a visual analogue scale, and flow-sensitive spirometry on the day before and 4 months after the radiofrequency ablation procedure. Results: The post-ablation measurements revealed that the inferior turbinate ablation caused an increase in the mean cross-sectional area and volume of the nose, as well as in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow of the patients. These differences between the pre- and post-ablation results were statistically significant. The post-ablation visual analogue scale scores were lower when compared with the pre-ablation scores, and this difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the widening of the nasal passage after the reduction of the inferior turbinate size had a favorable effect on the pulmonary function tests.


Resumo Introdução: Embora o nariz e os pulmões sejam órgãos separados, numerosos estudos relataram que todo o sistema respiratório pode ser considerado como uma única unidade anatômica e funcional. As vias aéreas superiores e inferiores afetam uma à outra diretamente ou através de mecanismos reflexos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da ablação por radiofrequência em conchas nasais inferiores com hipertrofia persistente sobre a função nasal e pulmonar. Método: Foram incluídos neste estudo 27 pacientes com hipertrofia persistente bilateral de conchas inferiores sem desvio septal. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados com rinoscopia anterior, endoscopia nasal, rinometria acústica, escala visual analógica e espirometria sensível ao fluxo no dia anterior e quatro meses após o procedimento de ablação por radiofrequência. Resultados: As medidas pós-ablação demonstraram que a ablação das conchas nasais inferiores resultou em um aumento da área transversal média e do volume do nariz, bem como do volume expiratório forçado em um segundo, da capacidade vital forçada e do fluxo expiratório máximo dos pacientes. Essas diferenças entre os resultados pré e pós-ablação foram estatisticamente significantes. Os escores da escala visual analógica pós-ablação foram menores quando comparados com os escores pré-ablação e essa diferença também foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: O alargamento da passagem nasal após a redução do tamanho das conchas nasais inferiores teve efeito favorável nos testes de função pulmonar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Turbinates/physiopathology , Hyperostosis/surgery , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Radiofrequency Ablation/methods , Organ Size , Postoperative Period , Reference Values , Turbinates/surgery , Turbinates/pathology , Turbinates/diagnostic imaging , Hyperostosis/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Vital Capacity , Forced Expiratory Volume , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Rhinometry, Acoustic , Endoscopy/methods , Visual Analog Scale
5.
Adv Rheumatol ; 59: 8, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088582

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: In recent decades, obesity has become a public health problem in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the main joint and extra-articular manifestations related to spondyloarthritis (SpA) after bariatric surgery (BS) in a retrospective cohort. Methods: Demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging data from nine patients whose SpA symptoms started after a BS have been described. Modified New York (mNY) criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axial (ax-SpA) and peripheral (p-SpA) spondyloarthritis were applied. Results: The mean weight reduction after BS was 49.3 ±21.9 kg. The BS techniques were Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n =8; 88.9%) and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (n = 1; 11.1%). Four (44.4%) patients had no axial or peripheral pain complaints before BS, while the other four (44.4%) had sporadic non-inflammatory back pain that had been attributed to obesity. One patient (11.1%) had persistent chronic back pain. In all nine cases, patients reported back pain onset or pattern (intensity or night pain) change after BS (mean time 14.7 ± 18 months). In addition, 8 of them (88.9%) were human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 positive. All nine patients could be classified according to ASAS criteria as ax-SpA and five (55.6%) patients were classified as AS, according to the mNY criteria. Conclusion: Our data highlight a temporal link between SpA onset symptoms and the BS, suggesting a possible causal plausibility between the two events.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Health Status , Respiratory Function Tests , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Asthma/etiology , Asthma/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Incidence , Prevalence , Follow-Up Studies , Health Surveys , Bronchitis, Chronic/etiology , Bronchitis, Chronic/epidemiology , Dyspnea/etiology , Dyspnea/epidemiology , Europe/epidemiology , European Union
6.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 25(3/4): 82-86, jul.-dez. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491629

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as lesões macroscópicas e histológicas em pulmões de suínos abatidos no abatedouro público de Esperança, Paraíba. Foram inspecionados pulmões de 180 suínos entre julho e dezembro de 2013. Destes, 34 (18,8%) apresentaram lesões. Na análise anatomopatológica dos fragmentos coletados, 82,3% (28/34) exibiram lesões sugestivas de Pneumonia Enzoótica Suína (PES). Seis (17,7%) amostras apresentaram alterações causadas pela distribuição irregular de sangue. Casos sugestivos de PES crônica foram observados em 57,1% (16/28) dos fragmentos coletados. Em 42,9% (12/28) das amostras foram definidos como sugestivos de PES subaguda. Nenhum pulmão apresentou lesões sugestivas de PES aguda. A pesquisa demonstrou que lesões pulmonares em suínos são frequentemente detectadas no abatedouro de Esperança, Paraíba, sendo a maioria destas lesões sugestivas de PES.


The objective of the present study was to evaluate the macroscopic and histological lesions in the lungs of slaughtered pigs at the public slaughterhouse of Esperança, Paraíba. Lungs from 180 pigs were inspected between July and December 2013. Lesions were observed in 34 (18.8%) lungs. In the anatomopathological analysis of the collected fragments, 82.3% (28/34) presented suggestive lesions of Swine Enzootic Pneumonia (SEP). Six (17.7%) samples presented alterations caused by irregular blood distribution. Suggestive cases of chronic SEP were observed in 57.1% (16/28) of the collected fragments. In 42.9% (12/28) of the samples were defined as suggestive of subacute SEP. No lungs presented lesions suggestive of acute PES. The research showed that lung lesions in pigs are frequently detected in the Esperança, Paraíba slaughterhouse, with the majority of these lesions suggestive for SEP.


Subject(s)
Animals , Lung Injury/veterinary , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/pathogenicity , Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal/physiopathology , Swine/injuries , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Respiratory System/injuries
8.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 30(1): 9-15, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742890

ABSTRACT

Objective: To establish the determinants of the peak VO2 in heart transplant recipients. Methods: Patient's assessment was performed in two consecutive days. In the first day, patients performed the heart rate variability assessment followed by a cardiopulmonary exercise test. In the second day, patients performed a resting echocardiography. Heart transplant recipients were eligible if they were in a stable condition and without any evidence of tissue rejection diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. Patients with pacemaker, noncardiovascular functional limitations such as osteoarthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded from this study. Results: Sixty patients (68% male, 48 years and 64 months following heart transplantation) were assessed. Multivariate analysis selected the following variables: receptor's gender (P=0.001), receptor age (P=0.049), receptor Body Mass Index (P=0.005), heart rate reserve (P <0.0001), left atrium diameter (P=0.016). Multivariate analysis showed r=0.77 and r2=0.6 with P <0.001. Equation: peakVO2=32.851 - 3.708 (receptor gender) - 0.067 (receptor age) - 0.318 (receptor BMI) + 0.145 (heart rate reserve) - 0.111 (left atrium diameter). Conclusion: The determinants of the peak VO2 in heart transplant recipients were: receptor sex, age, Body Mass Index, heart rate reserve and left atrium diameter. Heart rate reserve was the unique variable positively associated with peak VO2. This data suggest the importance of the sympathetic reinnervation in peak VO2 in heart transplant recipients. .


Objetivo: Estabelecer os determinantes do VO2 pico em transplantados de coração. Métodos: Avaliação do paciente foi realizada em dois dias consecutivos. No primeiro dia, os pacientes realizaram a avaliação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca seguida de um teste de esforço cardiopulmonar. No segundo dia, os pacientes realizaram ecocardiografia de repouso. Os transplantados foram elegíveis se estivessem em uma condição estável e sem qualquer evidência de rejeição diagnosticada por biópsia endomiocárdica. Pacientes com marca-passo, limitações funcionais não cardiovasculares, tais como osteoartrite e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica foram excluídos deste estudo. Resultados: Sessenta pacientes (68% do sexo masculino, 48 anos e 64 meses após o transplante cardíaco) foram avaliados. A análise multivariada selecionou as seguintes variáveis: sexo (P=0,001), idade (P=0,049), Índice de Massa Corporal (P=0,005), frequência cardíaca de reserva (P <0,0001), diâmetro do átrio esquerdo (P=0,016), variáveis do receptor. A análise multivariada mostrou r=0,77 e r2=0,6, com P <0,001. Equação: VO2=32,851 - 3,708 (sexo receptor) - 0,067 (idade receptor) - 0,318 (IMC receptor) + 0,145 (frequência cardíaca de reserva) - 0,111 (diâmetro de átrio esquerdo). Conclusão: Os determinantes do pico de VO2 em transplantados de coração foram: sexo receptor, idade, Índice de Massa Corporal, frequência cardíaca de reserva e diâmetro do átrio esquerdo. A frequência cardíaca de reserva foi a única variável positivamente associada com o pico de VO2. Estes dados sugerem a importância da reinervação simpática no pico de VO2 em transplantados de coração. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Asthma/immunology , Asthma/physiopathology , Calpain/metabolism , /metabolism , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism , /metabolism , Allergens/immunology , Asthma/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Eosinophilia/immunology , Inflammation/immunology , /antagonists & inhibitors , /immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Knockout , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics , Respiratory System/immunology , Respiratory System/physiopathology
9.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. 88 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-757618

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo os saberes e práticas das mães sobre o uso de broncodilatador em crianças com displasia broncopulmonar, e como objetivos: desvelar os saberes e práticas das mães sobre o uso de broncodilatador em seus filhos com displasia broncopulmonar no domicílio; conhecer os cuidados realizados pelas mães no uso do broncodilatador em seu filho com displasia broncopulmonar no domicílio e descrever as reações percebidas pelas mães em seus filhos após o uso da medicação. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário foi um ambulatório de pneumologia localizado no Município do Rio de Janeiro e os sujeitos, 14 mães de crianças portadoras de displasia broncopulmonar, com idades entre 0 e 2 anos. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através da entrevista semiestruturada, no mês de julho de 2014. Utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Como resultados, emergiram duas categorias: os saberes e medos das mães sobre o uso do broncodilatador eas práticas de cuidado da mãe na administração do broncodilatador na criança. A primeira categoria compreende quatro subcategorias: conhecimento das mães sobre a ação do medicamento; sinais de alerta percebidos pelas mães para o uso do medicamento na criança; os efeitos percebidos pelas mães após o uso do medicamento na criança e os medos relacionados ao uso do broncodilatador. A segunda categoria abrange três subcategorias: cuidados com o posicionamento da criança; cuidados com a higiene da criança e cuidados com o espaçador. A maioria das mães consegue identificar a partir dos seus saberes e de seu universo vocabular as principais ações dos broncodilatadores, no entanto podem-se evidenciar alguns relatos com informações inconsistentes, o que nos faz supor a ausência de orientações por parte dos profissionais junto a essa clientela. O esforço respiratório configura-se como sinal de alerta para que as mães utilizem a medicação para tentar evitar a crise respiratória...


This research studied the knowledge and practices of mothers on the use of bronchodilators in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and had the following objectives: to reveal the knowledge and practices of mothers of bronchodilator use in their children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at home; to understand the care provided by mothers in bronchodilator use in your child with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at home and to describe the reactions perceived by mothers in their children after using the medication. This is a descriptive qualitative study. The scenario was a pulmonology clinic located in the city of Rio de Janeiro and had as subjects, 14 mothers of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, aged between 0 and 2 years old. Data collection was conducted through a semi-structured interview on July 2014. It was used Bardin's content analysis. As a result, two categories emerged: the mothers' knowledge and fears about the bronchodilator use and the mothers' care practices in the bronchodilator administration on their children. The first category comprises four subcategories: the mothers' knowledge of the action of the drug; the warning signs perceived by mothers leading to the use of the drug in their children; the effects noticed by the mothers after the use of the medicine in their children and the fears related to the use of bronchodilators. The second category includes three subcategories: the positioning of the child; the child hygiene and the care of the spacer. Most mothers were able to explain based on their knowledge and using their own words, the main actions of bronchodilators. However, there were some inconsistent information, which makes us realize the absence of a clear guidance from the professionals and this clientele. The respiratory effort appears as a warning sign for mothers leading to the use of the drug intending to prevent a respiratory crisis...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adult , Child , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/nursing , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/prevention & control , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/therapy , Respiratory Tract Diseases/nursing , Mothers , Pediatric Nursing , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Brazil , Nursing Methodology Research , Qualitative Research
11.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(1): 33-43, fev. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-665760

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da associação dos polimorfismos do gene da sintase do óxido nítrico endotelial (NOS3) para as posições -786T>C, Glu298Asp e íntron 4b/a e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória sobre as concentrações de nitrito/nitrato, pressão arterial, perfil lipídico e prevalência de doenças cardiometabólicas em adultos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Noventa e duas pessoas foram divididas de acordo com o genótipo: não polimórficas (NP) e polimórficas (P). Posteriormente, foram subdivididas pela aptidão cardiorrespiratória associada ao genótipo: alta (ANP e AP) ou baixa (BNP e BP). RESULTADOS: Os indivíduos que apresentavam polimorfismo para as posições Glu298Asp+Íntron 4b/a e Glu298Asp+-786T>C e baixa aptidão cardiorrespiratória apresentaram maiores valores de colesterol total e maior prevalência de dislipidemia. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados demonstram que os polimorfismos do gene da NOS3 para essas duas associações influenciam os níveis de colesterol plasmático, e essa associação foi mais claramente observada quando os indivíduos apresentavam menor nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) polymorphisms at positions -786T>C, Glu298Asp and intron 4b/a, and cardiorespiratory fitness on plasma nitrite/nitrate levels, blood pressure, lipid profile, and prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety-two volunteers were genotyped for NOS3 polymorphisms at positions (-786T>C and Glu298Asp) and (intron 4b/a) and divided according to the genotype: non-polymorphic (NP) and polymorphic (P). After that, they were subdivided according to the cardiorespiratory fitness associated with genotype: high (HNP and HP) and low (LNP and LP). RESULTS: The subjects with polymorphism for the interactions at positions Glu298Asp + intron 4b/a, and Glu298Asp+-786T>C showed the highest values in total cholesterol, as well as dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that NOS3 gene polymorphisms at positions -786T>C, Glu298Asp, and intron 4b/a exert negative effects on the lipid profile compared with those who do not carry polymorphisms.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Dyslipidemias/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Cardiovascular System/physiopathology , Cholesterol/blood , Dyslipidemias/blood , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Genotype , Glutamic Acid/genetics , Introns/genetics , Nitrates/blood , Nitrites/blood , Oxygen Consumption/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Respiratory System/physiopathology
12.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 83(5): 454-461, oct. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-662212

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a severe and under-reported condition among the pediatric population due to inadequate warning and recognition. It can be caused by medical and surgical reasons, resulting in a high mortality rate. objective: To determine the magnitude of the initial hemodynamic and respiratory consequences triggered by the induction of ACS in an experimental model. Methods: The model consisted of twelve anesthetized pigs (4.8 +/- 0.1 kg). The ACS was induced by instillation of colloid solution in the peritoneal cavity to obtain an intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) of 24.9 +/- 0.6 mmHg. In basal conditions and after the ACS induction, a conventional hemodynamic monitoring and transpulmonary thermodilution were performed. At the same time, arterial blood gases and lung mechanics analysis were measured. results: There was a reduction of cardiac output by 16 percent (5.19 +/- 0.33 to 4.34 +/- 0.28 l/min/m², p = 0.01) and abdominal perfusion pressure by 20 percent (72.3 +/- 3.2 to 57.3 +/- 4.0 mmHg, p <0.001) without changes in heart rate, arterial or central venous pressure. In addition there was an approximately 50 percent worsening of respiratory system compliance (1.28 +/- 0.09 to 0.62 +/- 0.04 ml/cmH2O/kg, p = 0.002) associated with a significant increase in intrathoracic pressure and slight decrease in oxygenation. Discussion: In this experimental model, the early development of hemodynamic and pulmonary dysfunction could be observed. A reduction of cardiac output that was not detected by conventional monitoring and a substantial deterioration of lung mechanics, characteristic of restrictive disease, associated with mild alterations in gas exchange were reported. It is essential then to monitor the IAP in patients predisposed to develop ACS, especially in the case of organ dysfunction deterioration, as severe hypotension and hypoxemia are late signs of this complication.


Introducción: El síndrome compartimental abdominal (SCA) es una entidad grave, de escaso reporte en población pediátrica por una inadecuada alerta y reconocimiento. Puede ser originado por causas médicas y quirúrgicas, presentando una elevada mortalidad. objetivo: Determinar la magnitud de las consecuencias hemodinámicas y respiratorias iniciales desencadenadas por la inducción de un SCA en un modelo experimental. Método: Doce cerdos anestesiados (4,8 +/- 0,1 kg). El SCA fue inducido con instilación de solución coloide en cavidad peritoneal para obtener una presión intra-abdominal (PIA) de 25 +/- 5 mmHg. En condiciones basales y posterior a inducción del SCA se realizó monitorización hemodinámica convencional y termodilución transpulmonar. Paralelamente se midió gasometría arterial y análisis de mecánica pulmonar. resultados: Hubo una reducción del gasto cardíaco en 16 por ciento (5,19 +/- 0,33 a 4,34 +/- 0,28 l/min/m², p = 0,01) y de la presión de perfusión abdominal en 20 por ciento (72,3 +/- 3,2 a 57,3 +/- 4,0 mmHg, p < 0,001) sin cambios en frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial y venosa central. Además ocurrió un deterioro de la compliance del sistema respiratorio cercana al 50 por ciento (1,28 +/- 0,09 a 0,62 +/- 0,04 ml/cmH2O/kg, p = 0,002) asociado a un incremento significativo en las presiones intratorácicas y disminución leve de la oxigenación. Discusión: En este modelo experimental se pudo apreciar el desarrollo temprano de disfunción hemodinámica y pulmonar. Se evidenció una reducción de gasto cardiaco no detectado por la monitorización convencional y un deterioro substancial de la mecánica pulmonar, propia de una enfermedad restrictiva, asociado a alteraciones leves del intercambio gaseoso. Creemos que es fundamental monitorizar la PIA en pacientes predispuestos a desarrollar un SCA, más aún ante empeoramiento de disfunciones orgánicas dado que la hipotensión e hipoxemia grave son signos tardíos de esta complicación.


Subject(s)
Animals , Intra-Abdominal Hypertension/physiopathology , Lung/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Cardiac Output, Low/physiopathology , Hemodynamics , Pressure , Swine , Respiratory System/physiopathology
13.
Medisan ; 15(4)abr. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616206

ABSTRACT

La función principal y reguladora del sistema respiratorio es mantener las presiones normales de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono, así como la concentración de iones H+ o hidrogeniones, lo cual se consigue adecuando la ventilación pulmonar a las necesidades metabólicas orgánicas de consumo y producción de ambos gases, respectivamente. A pesar de las amplias variaciones en los requerimientos de captación de oxígeno y eliminación de dióxido de carbono, las presiones arteriales de ambos elementos se mantienen dentro de márgenes muy estrechos por una compleja regulación de la ventilación de los pulmones mediante determinados sistemas de control. Por tratarse de un tema muy complicado y disponerse ahora de nuevos conocimientos al respecto, se decidió describir en este breve artículo la organización morfofuncional general de los elementos que integran el sistema de control de la función respiratoria humana normal.


The regulating main function of the breathing system is to maintain the normal oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures, as well as the H+ or hydrogen ions concentration, which is achieving adapting the lung ventilation to the organic metabolic needs of consumption and production of both gases, respectively. In spite of the wide variations in the requirements of oxygen intake and of carbon dioxide elimination, the arterial pressures of both elements remain within very narrow margins due to a complex regulation of the lungs ventilation by means of certain control systems. As it is a very complicated topic and as there are now new knowledge on this respect, it was decided to describe in this brief work the general morphological and functional organization of the elements that form the control system of the normal human breathing function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Breath Tests , Respiration , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Physiological Phenomena , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Respiratory System/pathology
14.
Cad. saúde pública ; 26(8): 1619-1626, ago. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-557076

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of positive respiratory symptomatics among patients seeking treatment at primary health clinics in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. This cross-sectional study included 603 individuals that answered a questionnaire with socio-demographic data and a question on cough in the previous three weeks. The prevalence ratio was calculated with 5 percent significance. The proportion of patients with positive respiratory symptoms in the municipality was 4 percent, varying from 1.6 to 11.7 percent between regions. The majority (71 percent) did not report cough as the reason for coming to the health clinic. Variables significantly associated with respiratory symptoms were: shortness of breath (PR = 6.29; 95 percentCI: 2.22-21.81) and lack of appetite (PR = 2.75; 95 percentCI: 1.08-6.82). Among patients with respiratory symptoms, cough was the principal reason for seeking treatment. This condition was only associated with two variables, thus demonstrating the need to adopt different strategies to identify these individuals among the daily patient flow in primary health clinics.


O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a proporção de sintomáticos respiratórios na população que busca atendimento nas unidades de atenção primária do Município de Vitória, Espírito Santo. Foi realizado um estudo transversal do qual participaram 603 indivíduos que responderam a um questionário referente a dados sócio-demográficos e questão sobre tosse há mais de três semanas. Foi calculada a razão de prevalência com nível de significância de 5 por cento. A proporção de sintomáticos respiratórios encontrada no município foi de 4 por cento, variando de 1,6 a 11,7 por cento entre as regiões. A maioria (71 por cento) não referiu a tosse como motivo de procura do serviço. As variáveis significativamente associadas à condição de sintomático respiratório foram: falta de ar (RP = 6,29; IC95 por cento: 2,22-21,81) e falta de apetite (RP = 2,75; IC95 por cento: 1,08-6,82). Entre os sintomáticos respiratórios, a tosse foi o principal motivo de consulta. Observou-se associação dessa condição com somente duas variáveis, demonstrando a necessidade de adoção de diferentes estratégias para busca e identificação desses indivíduos na demanda diária das unidades de atenção primária.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Cough , Primary Health Care , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires
15.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 26(1): 16-25, mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-556753

ABSTRACT

The term air pollution comprises a wide variety of chemical and biological components of the outdoor and indoor atmosphere. Air pollution and its effect on human health is critically reviewed in this article with emphasis in the situation of inhabitants of Chilean cities with critical high levels of atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric contaminants that are hazardous for the human health are breathable particulate matter (PM10;PM2,5 and PM0,1) and gaseous chemicals such as nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Indoor air contains a variety of noxious compounds derived from multiple sources, being cigarette smoking, heating and cooking appliances, and biological agents and its sub-products the principal ones. Exposure to air pollutants can increase not only morbidity but also mortality rate as well as increasing the number of hospital admissions for patients with respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms. Air pollution is important in determining the quality of life particularly in infants, ageing persons and patients affected by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Health professionals should advocate for a cleaner outdoor and indoor atmosphere through the dissemination of our knowledge about the respiratory and non-respiratory effects of air contamination.


El término contaminación del aire incluye una amplia variedad de componentes químicos y biológicos de la atmósfera intra y extradomiciliaria. Este artículo intenta realizar una revisión crítica de los efectos de la contaminación intra y extradomiciliaria sobre la salud humana, poniendo especial énfasis en la situación de los habitantes de ciudades chilenas con niveles críticamente altos de contaminación atmosférica. Los contaminantes atmosféricos riesgosos para la salud humana son el material particulado inhalable (PM10; PM2,5 y PM0,1) y compuestos químicos gaseosos tales como dióxido de nitrógeno, ozono, dióxido de azufre y monóxido de carbono. El aire intradomiciliario contiene una variedad de compuestos nocivos que derivan de múltiples fuentes. Las más importantes son el humo de cigarrillo, artefactos de calefacción y para cocción de alimentos y los agentes biológicos y sus sub-productos. La exposición a contaminantes del aire no solo puede aumentar la tasa de morbilidad sino la tasa de mortalidad como también puede aumentar el número de ingresos hospitalarios de pacientes con síntomas respiratorios y cardiovasculares. La contaminación del aire es importante en la determinación de la calidad de vida de niños menores, ancianos y en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares. Los profesionales de la salud deberían abogar por una atmósfera intra y extradomiciliaria más limpia a través de la difusión del conocimiento que disponemos sobre los efectos respiratorios y no respiratorios de la contaminación del aire.


Subject(s)
Humans , Air Quality Standards , Air Pollution/adverse effects , Chile , Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects , Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Seasons , Cardiovascular System/physiopathology , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Urban Area
16.
Pulmäo RJ ; 19(1/2): 2-7, 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-607364

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as alterações nas propriedades resistivas e reativas do sistema respiratório de pacientes com fibrose cística. Metodologia: o estudo foi realizado em um grupo controle de 23 indivíduos saudáveis, e em um grupo de 27 pacientes com fibrose cística com idade maior que 18 anos que foram avaliados pela FOT e espirometria. Resultados: os pacientes com fibrose cística apresentaram aumento significativo (p<0,0001) na resistência total do sistema respiratório (R0), redução significativa do coeficiente angular da curva de resistência (S) (p<0,0006) e na complacência dinâmica (Cdin, sr) (p<0,0001) em comparação aos indivíduos saudáveis. Conclusão: os resultados do presente estudo são coerentes com a fisiopatologia da fibrose cística. A FOT descreveu adequadamente estas alterações, demonstrando elevado potencial na avaliação da mecânica pulmonar de pacientes com fibrose cística com idade superior a 18 anos.


Introduction: The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the changes in resistive and reactive properties of the respiratory system of cystic fibrosis patients older than 18 years and (2) assess the contribution of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Methodology: The study was conducted in a control group of 23 healthy individuals and a group of 27 cystic fibrosis patients older than 18 years who were assessed by the FOT and spirometry. Results: Cysticfibrosis patients presented increased total respiratory resistance (R0) (p <0.0001) and reduced slope of resistance curve (S) (p<0.0006) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn,rs) (p <0.0001) compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion: The results of thisstudy are consistent with the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis. The FOT adequately described these changes, showing great potential in assessing pulmonary mechanics of patients with cystic fibrosis with age over 18 years.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Airway Resistance , Cystic Fibrosis , Oscillometry , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Helsinki Declaration , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Respiratory Function Tests , Biomedical Technology/instrumentation
17.
J. bras. pneumol ; 35(7): 645-652, jul. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521404

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da obstrução de vias aéreas nas variações das propriedades resistivas e elásticas do sistema respiratório de asmáticos adultos mediadas pelo uso de salbutamol. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 24 indivíduos controles e 69 asmáticos, todos não tabagistas, divididos em três grupos segundo o nível de obstrução de vias aéreas (leve, moderada e acentuada). Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos de acordo com a resposta broncodilatadora: resposta broncodilatadora positiva (RB+) ou negativa (RB-). A espirometria foi utilizada para a avaliação da obstrução, e a técnica de oscilações forçadas, para a análise das propriedades resistivas e elásticas, sendo realizadas antes e após a utilização de 300 µg de salbutamol. RESULTADOS: A resistência no intercepto (R0) apresentou maior redução nos grupos com maior obstrução. Essa redução foi mais evidente nos subgrupos RB+ do que nos RB- (p < 0,02 e p < 0,03, respectivamente). Houve diferença significativa entre o grupo controle e a o subgrupo com obstrução acentuada RB+ (p < 0,002). As reduções na elastância dinâmica (Edyn) se acentuaram significativamente com a obstrução, tanto para os subgrupos RB- (p < 0,03), quanto para os RB+ (p < 0,003). As reduções da Edyn foram significativamente maiores nos subgrupos com obstrução moderada RB- (p < 0,008) e com obstrução acentuada RB+ (p < 0,0005) do que no grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: Em asmáticos, o aumento da obstrução de vias aéreas resulta na elevação das variações em R0 e Edyn com o uso de salbutamol. Pacientes com RB+ apresentam variações mais elevadas que indivíduos com RB-.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of airway obstruction on albuterol-mediated variations in the resistive and elastic properties of the respiratory system of adult patients with asthma. METHODS: This study comprised 24 healthy controls and 69 patients with asthma, all of whom were nonsmokers. The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of airway obstruction (mild, moderate or severe). Each of the three groups was divided into two subgroups according to the bronchodilator response (BR): positive (BR+) or negative (BR-). Airway obstruction was determined by means of spirometry, and the resistive and elastic properties were determined by means of the forced oscillation technique. These measurements were conducted before and after albuterol use (300 µg). RESULTS: The resistance at the intercept (R0) presented greater reductions in the groups with higher obstruction. This reduction was more evident in the BR+ subgroups than in the BR- subgroups (p < 0.02 and p < 0.03, respectively). There was a significant difference between the control group and the BR+ subgroup with severe obstruction (p < 0.002). The reductions in dynamic elastance (Edyn) were significantly greater in proportion to the degree of obstruction, in the BR- subgroups (p < 0.03), and in the BR+ subgroups (p < 0.003). The reductions in Edyn were significantly greater in the BR- subgroup with moderate obstruction (p < 0.008) and in the BR+ subgroup with severe obstruction (p < 0.0005) than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with asthma, increased airway obstruction results in greater reductions in R0 and Edyn after albuterol use. These reductions are greater among BR+ patients than among BR- patients.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Airway Obstruction/drug therapy , Airway Resistance/drug effects , Albuterol/therapeutic use , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Respiratory System/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Airway Obstruction/physiopathology , Airway Resistance/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Spirometry , Young Adult
18.
Pulmäo RJ ; 18(3): 133-138, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-607375

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Investigar as alterações nas propriedades resistivas e reativas do sistema respiratório de crianças asmáticas e avaliar a contribuição da técnica de oscilações forçadas (FOT) no diagnóstico da asma. Metodologia: O estudo foi realizado em um grupo controle de 20 crianças saudáveis, e em um grupo de 20 crianças asmáticas, que foram avaliadas pela FOT e espirometria. Resultados: Considerando os parâmetros resistivos da FOT, houve um aumento significativo na resistência total do sistema respiratório (R0) (p<0,02) e não significativo na resistência média (Rm), além de uma redução significativa da inclinação do componente resistivo da impedância (S) (p<0,002), no grupo de crianças asmáticas. Nos parâmetros reativos a complacência dinâmica (Cdin,sr) mostrou-se significativamente (p< 0,01) menor, sendo acompanhada pela redução da reatância média (Xm) (p<0,01) e pela elevação significativa da frequência de ressonância (fr) (p< 0,03) no grupo de crianças asmáticas. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo são coerentes com a fisiopatologia da asma. A FOT escreveu adequadamente estas alterações, demonstrando elevado potencial na avaliação da mecânica pulmonar de crianças asmáticas.


Objective: To investigate the alterations on resistive and reactive proprieties of the respiratory system and evaluate the contribution of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) on the diagnosis of the asthma in children. Methodology: The study was performed in a control group formed by 20 healthy children and 20 asthmatic children, which were evaluated by FOT and spirometry. Results: Considering the resistive parameters of the FOT in the asthmatic children group, the total respiratorysystem resistance (R0) had significant increase (p<0,02) and a not significant increase in mean respiratory resistance (Rm), and a significant decreased of the resistance/frequency slope (S) p<0,02). The reactive parameters, the dynamic compliance (Cdin) and the mean respiratory reactance (Xm) presented significant (p<0,01) reduction, and significant increase resonance frequency (fr) (0,03). Conclusion: The results of the present study, demonstrate that the FOT is useful for detecting the respiratory mechanics modifications. This indicate that the FOT has a high potential in evaluating respiratory mechanics of asthmatics children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Airway Resistance , Asthma/diagnosis , Oscillometry , Respiratory Mechanics , Spirometry , Case-Control Studies , Helsinki Declaration , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Respiratory Function Tests , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Biomedical Technology/instrumentation
19.
Arq. odontol ; 45(2): 93-98, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-556550

ABSTRACT

Este artigo teve como objetivo estudar as complicações sistêmicas mais frequentes no consultório odontológico, visando a sua prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento. Nesta segunda parte foram abordadas as principais complicações relacionadas ao sistema respiratório, sistema nervoso e à administração de medicamentos.


The purpose of this article is to describe the main medical emergencies that can occur in the dentist’s office, their diagnoses, and desirable treatments. This second part reports on complications associated with respiratory and nervous systems as well as with the administration of proper medications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anesthesia, Dental , Surgery, Oral , Dental Offices/statistics & numerical data , Nervous System/physiopathology , Respiratory System/physiopathology
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 66(2b): 354-359, jun. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-486190

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To establish correlations between nutritional, functional and respiratory indices of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHOD: Twenty patients (13 appendicular - GA and 7 bulbar - GB) were included in the multidisciplinary study at the Neurological Clinic Ambulatory of the University of Campinas Hospital. RESULTS: Among the GA type significant correlation was observed between maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure (r= -0.76), MEP and pulse oxymetry (r=0.58), MIP and percent weight loss ( percentWL; r=0.59), and between MIP, total and subscale respiratory scores (ALSFRS-R) with percentWL. With regard to the GB, correlation was found between MEP and body mass index (BMI) (r=0.97). In both GA and GB correlations were noticed between the BMI and the variables mass (kg), fat ( percent), arm and wrist circumference (cm), and tricipital, subscapular and supra-iliac skinfolds (mm), as well as the arm muscle circumference (cm) and fatty arm muscular area (mm²). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the application of simple anthropometric measurements could be useful in routine monitoring of patients with ALS.


OBJETIVO: Correlacionar os indicadores utilizados na avaliação nutricional, funcional e respiratória de indivíduos com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). MÉTODO: Vinte pacientes (13 apendiculares - GA e 7 bulbares - GB) foram incluídos no estudo usando parâmetros nutricionais, respiratórios e escala funcional (ALSFRS-R). RESULTADOS: Entre os pacientes do GA, as correlações observadas foram: pressão inspiratória máxima (PImax) e expiratória máxima (PEmax) (r= -0,76); PEmax e oximetria de pulso (r=0,58); PImax e porcentagem de perda de peso ( por centoPP) (r=0,59); e entre PImax, escore ALSFRS-R com por centoPP. No GB, houve correlação entre MEP e índice de massa corporal (IMC) (r=0,97). Em GA e GB, observaram-se correlação entre IMC e as variáveis: massa, gordura ( por cento), circunferência braquial e punho, pregas cutâneas tricipital, subescapular e supra-ilíaca, circunferência muscular do braço (cm), área muscular gordurosa do braço (mm²). CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se a aplicação deste conjunto de medidas durante a evolução clínica de indivíduos com ELA.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status/physiology , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Maximal Voluntary Ventilation/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index
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